Bruce Fisher has worked for the Oklahoma Historical Society for more than 15-years and is the curator for the African American History exhibit in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He feels that the urban renewal authority and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 were both direct causes of the upheaval and dissemination of black communities.
Prior to the civil rights act, African Americans thrived in their communities. They were living self-sufficiently, working, and shopping in their own neighborhoods. Race relations hindered their movement outside of their established geographic areas.

The Oklahoma City Metropolitan Library featured Bruce Fisher as one of the lecturer discussing urban renewal. In Fisher’s presentation, he revealed rare footage from 1929. “The truth is in the images,” he said. “The footage was from a man named Solomon Sir Jones. Hopefully, the footage would discard the negative images of African Americans.” The clips showed well-dressed African Americans in attendance to a spelling bee. Other clips revealed grand churches, community businesses, and automobile ownership.
The Housing Act of 1961 added amends to increase the money authorization of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). The amends made changes to the National Housing Act that gave the federal government the authority to pay cities to reconstruct old properties. This new property construction project was termed urban renewal.
The Oklahoma Historical Society published that during that time, Oklahoma City’s land and property concerns were more about expansion rather than rebuilding inner-city properties. Many Oklahoma towns smaller than Oklahoma City refused urban renewal and today, some people may feel a loss because of the urban renewal projects.
The Civil Rights act of 1964 involved labor laws in the United States. The law prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Fisher says that urban renewal had a devastating effect around the nation and in Oklahoma. “I was part of the organization, the John F. Kennedy project area committee. It was the citizen participation component of the urban renewal authority. We (African Americans) had absolutely no power what so ever,” he said. “But we could voice our resistance to their decision to demolish people’s homes.”
Many people were forced to move from project-targeted areas. “Instead of having a home that you owned in a community that you grew-up in and loved, you were forced to sell your home at fair-market-value and move into another neighborhood that you didn’t particularly want to and could not afford,” Fisher continued.
Although the intent of the civil rights act and the urban renewal projects gave African Americans the opportunity to live and work outside of their communities, many still feel the loss of economic equality that included businesses, jobs, and lowered property values.